Assessment of Some Environmental, Clinical and Laboratory Risk Factors in People with Leukemia under the Age of 20: A Systematic Review

Introduction: Cancer is one of the major causes of death in the world and mortality rates are higher in developed countries. About one third of childhood cancers are blood cancer (Leukemia). Leukemia is high in children with high prevalence and mortality; still some of the risk factors are unknown. Therefore, this review study was conducted to determine some environmental, clinical and laboratory risk factors in people with leukemia under the age of 20.

Materials and Methods: The studies that were conducted in this research were written in English or Persian, Access to their full text was possible and published over the last 25 years, were included in the study and non-academic studies were deleted. The study was conducted in Persian and English by searching articles in the search engine, sites and databases scientifically Sid, Science direct, Google Scholar, Pub Med. In the first stage, 45 papers were found. Of these, 17 articles related to the subject, published in the last 25 years, were reviewed.

Results: According to the results of the studies, some variables and risk factors such as family history of cancer, the history of radiation exposure, the number of maternal pregnancies, the age of parents, the level of education of parents, the history of mother's use of mother's pill, smoking By the mother of a child during pregnancy, smoking by the child's father, the birthplace and residence of the child, and some other factors mentioned in result of this article , were observed in children with leukemia.

Conclusion: There were many environmental, clinical and laboratory factors in various studies that related to childhood leukemia. Also some of the characteristics of parents can be one of the factors affecting children with leukemia; Awareness of these issues can be effective in preventing this disease. It is advisable for the child to avoid these risk factors to prevent the risk of cancer.

Keywords: Leukemia, Cancer Children, Affected Child, Risk Factor, Environmental Factors