Party Politics and Power Struggles in Nepal: A Critical Analysis (1990-2024)

The period between 1990 and 2002 was a time of significant political upheaval in Nepal, marked by a transition to multi-party democracy and the challenges that came with it. The rise and fall of coalition governments, intra-party conflicts, and the looming Maoist insurgency created a volatile political landscape. Initially, the monarchy symbolized stability and ultimately became embroiled in the power struggles, leading to its eventual abolition. The dominance of major political parties often marginalized smaller parties and minority groups, hindering inclusive representation.
This study delves into the complex dynamics of party politics and power struggles that unfolded during this critical juncture in Nepal’s history. It explores the challenges and opportunities that emerged as various political parties navigated the nascent democratic space, vying for influence and control amidst a rapidly evolving socio-political context. The study adopts a critical analytical approach, drawing on various primary and secondary sources, including scholarly works by Nepali and South Asian experts, official documents, and reports from international newspapers.
The research examines the complex interactions between these significant political forces and the pivotal role of smaller parties and regional actors. It analyzes the shifting alliances, coalition formations, and internal party divisions that characterized the political scene during this period. The study also explores the influence of external factors, such as India’s role in Nepal’s political affairs, on the dynamics of party politics and power struggles.
The findings of this research contribute to a deeper understanding of the challenges and complexities of democratic transition in Nepal. The study concludes by emphasizing the need for greater political maturity, consensus-building, and a focus on national interests to ensure Nepal’s stable and prosperous future. It It underscores the importance of strong institutions, compromise, inclusivity, and the urgent need to address social and economic inequalities to consolidate democratic gains and foster a more equitable society.

Keywords: Democracy, Maoist Insurgency, Monarchy, Party Politics, Political Instability, Power Struggles.