Coronary Angiographic Findings in Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Patients Diagnosed with Coronary Artery Disease in Cardiac Center, Kuwait University Hospital, Sana’a, Yemen

Introduction: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide.(1),(2) Also more common among DM, which may be the major cause of morbidity and mortality of DM in developing countries.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the demographic characteristics, risk factors, echocardiographic findings, coronary angiography (CAG) results, and clinical outcomes of diabetic and non-diabetic patients undergoing coronary angiography in Kuwait University hospital in Sana’a , Yemen . Furthermore, it sought to identify predictors of multi-vessel disease and adverse outcomes in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Methods: A total of 107 patients undergoing coronary angiography were included in this study. Demographic data, risk factors, echocardiographic findings, and CAG results were collected. from May 2022 to October 2023 , Comparative analyses between diabetic (n=49) and non-diabetic patients (n=58) were performed to evaluate differences in coronary artery disease (CAD) severity, multi-vessel involvement, and clinical outcomes. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify predictors of multi-vessel disease.

Results: A total of 107 patients, the mean age of 56.15 ± 10.2 years, with 64.5% males. Chewing qat (65.4%) was the most prevalent risk factor, followed by diabetes mellitus (45.8%) and hypertension (40.2%). LAD involvement was most common, occurring in 72.0% of cases, with similar rates in both groups. RCA lesions were significantly more prevalent among diabetic patients (63.3%) compared to non-diabetics (43.1%, p=0.04). Although LCX involvement and three-vessel disease appeared more frequent in diabetic patients, the differences did not reach statistical significance. Diabetics were also more likely to have multi-vessel disease, while non-diabetics had a higher prevalence of single-vessel involvement (p=0.03).

Conclusion: The study confirmed that diabetic patients exhibited a substantially higher incidence of significant stenosis in major arteries, particularly in the LAD, compared to non-diabetic patients, highlighting the urgent need for targeted interventions in this population. These findings highlight the importance of tailored management strategies for diabetic patients with coronary artery disease to mitigate complications and improve outcomes.

Keywords: Coronary Artery Disease, Coronary Angiography, Diabetes Mellitus, Multi-Vessel Disease, Percutaneous Coronary Intervention, Predictors of Outcomes, Yemeni Population.