‘One-Nigeria’ Or Secession? A Conflict of Ideologies in a New Graphic Novel of the Nigeria-Biafra Struggle (1967-1970)

The “One Nigeria” refers to the belief and advocacy for the unity and cohesion of Nigeria as a single nation, despite its diversity in terms of ethnic, cultural, religious, and linguistic backgrounds. It emphasizes the idea that Nigerians, regardless of their differences, should work together and remain united for their collective progress, development, and stability. On the other hand, the Biafran ideology was associated with seeking the secession of the old eastern region of Nigeria, known as Biafra. The Biafran ideology emerged during the Nigerian Civil War, between 1967 and 1970 when Biafra seceded from Nigeria. This research discusses the conflicting political ideologies between Nigeria and Biafra by using Chidiebere Onwuekwe’s graphic novel entitled “Achuzia: Surviving the Federal Onslaught” as a paradigm. The work is a result of PhD research in Art and Design at the University of Nigeria Nsukka. This research draws upon primary and secondary literature sources, including historical documents, and scholarly works, for review. More, the historical cum contextual analysis will be applied for discussion. This study’s findings analyse graphic literature and contribute to a deeper understanding of the complex dynamics and potential pathways towards a possible resolution in this long-standing conflict.

Keywords: Nigeria, Biafra, Ideology, Graphic Novel, Conflict, Politics, Art, Design.