Antibacterial Activity of Leaf and Stem Bark Extracts of Adansonia Digitata Against Escherichia Coli and Salmonella Typhi Grown in Potiskum, Yobe State Nigeria

Adansonia digitata is a tree of nutraceutical importance as source of protein and as well can be used for treatment of different types of diseases. The research was conducted to determine the secondary metabolites and antibacterial efficacy of Adansonia digitata stem bark and leaf extracts. The agar well diffusion method was used to determine the antibacterial activity of leaf and stem bark of Adansonia digitata extracted using water, ethanol and chloroform against Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi. The preliminary phytochemical screening of the leaf and stem bark of the plant showed the presence of alkaloid, saponin, tannin, Flavonoid, terpenoid and steroid. The antibacterial activity of the leaf and stem bark extract of the plants showed that the plant extracts used were effective against the isolates tested. The ethanol extracts of the plant parts showed higher antibacterial efficacy against the test isolates when compared to aqueous and chloroform extracts. The results also demonstrated that the leaf extract is more active than stem bark extracts. Statistical analysis from the results obtained showed that an average zone of inhibition of 9.04 mm and 7.83 mm for E. coli and S. typhi respectively were found. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the extracts ranged between 10 – 40 mg/mL Based on the findings of this study, the decoction of plant parts can be used for medicinal purposes.

Keywords: Antibacterial activity, Adansonia digitata, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi