The First Steps of Renal Biopsy Puncture in Niger: Indications, Complications and Results

Objective: To study the technical aspects, indications and results of renal biopsy puncture in two hospitals in Niger.

Patients and Methods: We conducted a retrospective, multicenter study from January 2019 to December 2024, including 193 patients who underwent RBP in the nephrology departments of the Hôpital National Amirou Boubacar Diallo de Niamey (HNABD) and the Hôpital National de Zinder (HNZ). We assessed the socio-demographic, clinicobiological, histological and evolutionary characteristics of patients who underwent renal biopsy.

Results: The annual frequency was 38.6 RBP/year; the mean age of patients was 32.20 years. The sex ratio M/F was 2.02. Edematous syndrome was the most common clinical manifestation in 62.69% of cases; phytotherapy was the antecedent reported in 26.43%. Mean proteinuria was 3.49±3.06; renal failure was found in 67.36% of cases; anemia in 54.92% of cases. The indication for PBR was nephrotic syndrome in 53.36% of cases, and the left kidney was the RBP site in 98.96% of cases. Glomerular damage accounted for 69.35% of cases, and tubulointerstitial damage for 21.79%. The most common postbiopsy complication was macroscopic hematuria in 09.84% of cases.

Conclusion: Renal biopsy is an essential procedure in the diagnosis of kidney disease, providing precise information on histological lesions and guiding therapeutic management.

Keywords: Renal Biopsy Puncture, Niger.