On How the Friedmann Equations Lead Only to Non-Accelerating Universes

The controversy surrounding the existence of a non-accelerating universe—contrasting with the prevailing view of recent decades that we inhabit an accelerating, expanding universe—has resurfaced following recent discoveries by South Korean and Indian scientists. At the same time, the position held by U.S. scientists regarding an accelerating universe has been reaffirmed; the debate is likely to persist until more reliable data on dark energy become available in the coming years, ultimately settling the matter. The new Nancy Grace Roman Telescope, launched into orbit just weeks ago, is poised to resolve the issue in the near future. For now, new studies and opinions continue to emerge, supporting one position or the other. The work presented here is a theoretical study arguing for the existence of a non-accelerating universe; to this end, it examines the solutions to the Friedmann equations in detail. This study analyzes the expansion of the universe using a mathematical approach that leads to the following conclusion: the only valid solutions to the Friedmann equations are those describing non-accelerating universes.

Keywords: Large-Scale Structure of Universe, Cosmology: Theory, Friedmann Equations, FLRW Metric.